Animal Health & Husbandry
1 March, 2026
Understanding heat stroke in livestock
AS warm temperatures continue across Victoria, farmers are being urged to take extra care of their livestock to prevent heat stress.
According to senior veterinary officer Dr Jeff Cave, heat stress can severely impact both animal welfare and production.
Cattle are most comfortable in temperatures between five degrees celsius and 25 degrees, while adult pigs prefer a narrower range of just 18-20 degrees.
High-producing animals, such as dairy cows, are especially vulnerable, and poultry have been known to succumb to extreme heat on scorching days.
When the mercury rises, animals divert energy to cooling themselves, which can lead to reduced feed intake, slower weight gain, and lower milk production.
According to Dr Cave, fertility may also decline.
“Humidity adds to the problem, intensifying heat stress even at moderate temperatures,” he said.
“Signs of heat stress include panting, standing rather than lying down, seeking shade, increased drinking, and decreased appetite.”
He advised farmers to check their stock daily during hot weather and take steps to keep them comfortable.
Some key recommendations include providing unlimited access to shade or shelter; ensuring cool, clean drinking water is always available; avoiding animal movement during the hottest part of the day or on extreme heat days, and offering high-quality feed in the cooler evening hours.
Farmers are also encouraged to have a fire plan ready and ensure someone checks on stock while away.
By making small adjustments to daily management, producers can significantly reduce the impact of heat stress and protect both animal welfare and productivity.
For more advice, contact your local veterinarian or Agriculture Victoria animal health staff.